Black holes are not black in the ordinary sense. Normal black objects are black because they don't reflect very much light off their surfaces. Black holes, on the other hand, are black because they actually suck in the light and trap it in orbits it can't escape from. So sending a light into a black hole wouldn't really work, it wouldn't really illuminate anything because there's no solid surface in there for it to illuminate.

That said, you COULD send a camera into a black hole. And assuming that the black hole is not sucking in lots of matter (in which case the radiation would destroy the camera in a fraction of a second) and that it is sufficiently large (so that its tidal forces do not destroy the camera before the camera even reaches the event horizon), you could send out images from arbitrarily close to the event horizon. However, you could not send back any images from PAST the event horizon, because the signal from the camera would not be able to get out (the light would curve around and go back into the black hole without ever reaching your receiver). However there probably wouldn't be very much for the camera to see, mostly it would just see the background stars getting distorted around in curves because of the gravity field, and although scientists might be very interested in that, it wouldn't be all that spectacular for the rest of us.

And no, it has never been attempted, at least not by humans (aliens might have tried it, but we wouldn't know). This is because there are no known black holes within a reasonable range of the Earth to send the camera into, much less any black holes large enough to fit a camera without destroying it first.