Extension Tube
How do I calculate the torsional shear of a tube.?
For example if I have a spindle extenions onto the square drive of a valve like they use on hydrants and the spindle extension is...
Extension Tube

How do I calculate the torsional shear of a tube.?
For example if I have a spindle extenions onto the square drive of a valve like they use on hydrants and the spindle extension is a tube. How do I calculate what size pipe and wall thickness I will need to use to cope with the torque applied.
T / J = Shear Stress / R = G0 / L
Where,
T = Torque
J = Polar Moment of Area
R = Radius
G = Modulus of rigidity
0 = Angle of twist
For a hollow shaft,
J = pi(D^4 - d^4) / 32
and Area = pi(D^2 - d^2) / 4
You can solve accordingly, providing you have enough variables as in your question you didn't provide them.
Shear Stress = T / J x R
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