When you zoom OUT and you can see more in your frame, your lens is in the WIDEANGLE mode. The ANGLE you can see from your lens is WIDER.

When you zoom IN and the image appears larger, your lens is in the TELEPHOTO range.

Generally:
Less than 16mm = Extreme Wideangle (Fisheye).
16 to 35mm = Wideangle.
35 to 60mm = Medium. NB: 50mm is called the Standard Lens as it is the same as the lens in your eye.
60 to 135 = Medium Telephoto.
More than 135mm = Long Telephoto.

Your lens can move from one focal range to another. It is known as a ZOOM lens.